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redict/src/ziplist.c
antirez b62bdf1c64 Don't assume that "char" is signed. 
For the C standard char can be either signed or unsigned, it's up to the
compiler, but Redis assumed that it was signed in a few places.

The practical effect of this patch is that now Redis 2.6 will run
correctly in every system where char is unsigned, notably the RaspBerry
PI and other ARM systems with GCC.

Thanks to Georgi Marinov (@eesn on twitter) that reported the problem
and allowed me to use his RaspBerry via SSH to trace and fix the issue!
2012-07-18 12:04:58 +02:00

1451 lines
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/* The ziplist is a specially encoded dually linked list that is designed
* to be very memory efficient. It stores both strings and integer values,
* where integers are encoded as actual integers instead of a series of
* characters. It allows push and pop operations on either side of the list
* in O(1) time. However, because every operation requires a reallocation of
* the memory used by the ziplist, the actual complexity is related to the
* amount of memory used by the ziplist.
*
* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* ZIPLIST OVERALL LAYOUT:
* The general layout of the ziplist is as follows:
* <zlbytes><zltail><zllen><entry><entry><zlend>
*
* <zlbytes> is an unsigned integer to hold the number of bytes that the
* ziplist occupies. This value needs to be stored to be able to resize the
* entire structure without the need to traverse it first.
*
* <zltail> is the offset to the last entry in the list. This allows a pop
* operation on the far side of the list without the need for full traversal.
*
* <zllen> is the number of entries.When this value is larger than 2**16-2,
* we need to traverse the entire list to know how many items it holds.
*
* <zlend> is a single byte special value, equal to 255, which indicates the
* end of the list.
*
* ZIPLIST ENTRIES:
* Every entry in the ziplist is prefixed by a header that contains two pieces
* of information. First, the length of the previous entry is stored to be
* able to traverse the list from back to front. Second, the encoding with an
* optional string length of the entry itself is stored.
*
* The length of the previous entry is encoded in the following way:
* If this length is smaller than 254 bytes, it will only consume a single
* byte that takes the length as value. When the length is greater than or
* equal to 254, it will consume 5 bytes. The first byte is set to 254 to
* indicate a larger value is following. The remaining 4 bytes take the
* length of the previous entry as value.
*
* The other header field of the entry itself depends on the contents of the
* entry. When the entry is a string, the first 2 bits of this header will hold
* the type of encoding used to store the length of the string, followed by the
* actual length of the string. When the entry is an integer the first 2 bits
* are both set to 1. The following 2 bits are used to specify what kind of
* integer will be stored after this header. An overview of the different
* types and encodings is as follows:
*
* |00pppppp| - 1 byte
* String value with length less than or equal to 63 bytes (6 bits).
* |01pppppp|qqqqqqqq| - 2 bytes
* String value with length less than or equal to 16383 bytes (14 bits).
* |10______|qqqqqqqq|rrrrrrrr|ssssssss|tttttttt| - 5 bytes
* String value with length greater than or equal to 16384 bytes.
* |11000000| - 1 byte
* Integer encoded as int16_t (2 bytes).
* |11010000| - 1 byte
* Integer encoded as int32_t (4 bytes).
* |11100000| - 1 byte
* Integer encoded as int64_t (8 bytes).
* |11110000| - 1 byte
* Integer encoded as 24 bit signed (3 bytes).
* |11111110| - 1 byte
* Integer encoded as 8 bit signed (1 byte).
* |1111xxxx| - (with xxxx between 0000 and 1101) immediate 4 bit integer.
* Unsigned integer from 0 to 12. The encoded value is actually from
* 1 to 13 because 0000 and 1111 can not be used, so 1 should be
* subtracted from the encoded 4 bit value to obtain the right value.
* |11111111| - End of ziplist.
*
* All the integers are represented in little endian byte order.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include "zmalloc.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "ziplist.h"
#include "endianconv.h"
#define ZIP_END 255
#define ZIP_BIGLEN 254
/* Different encoding/length possibilities */
#define ZIP_STR_MASK 0xc0
#define ZIP_INT_MASK 0x30
#define ZIP_STR_06B (0 << 6)
#define ZIP_STR_14B (1 << 6)
#define ZIP_STR_32B (2 << 6)
#define ZIP_INT_16B (0xc0 | 0<<4)
#define ZIP_INT_32B (0xc0 | 1<<4)
#define ZIP_INT_64B (0xc0 | 2<<4)
#define ZIP_INT_24B (0xc0 | 3<<4)
#define ZIP_INT_8B 0xfe
/* 4 bit integer immediate encoding */
#define ZIP_INT_IMM_MASK 0x0f
#define ZIP_INT_IMM_MIN 0xf1 /* 11110001 */
#define ZIP_INT_IMM_MAX 0xfd /* 11111101 */
#define ZIP_INT_IMM_VAL(v) (v & ZIP_INT_IMM_MASK)
#define INT24_MAX 0x7fffff
#define INT24_MIN (-INT24_MAX - 1)
/* Macro to determine type */
#define ZIP_IS_STR(enc) (((enc) & ZIP_STR_MASK) < ZIP_STR_MASK)
/* Utility macros */
#define ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl) (*((uint32_t*)(zl)))
#define ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) (*((uint32_t*)((zl)+sizeof(uint32_t))))
#define ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) (*((uint16_t*)((zl)+sizeof(uint32_t)*2)))
#define ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof(uint32_t)*2+sizeof(uint16_t))
#define ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl) ((zl)+ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE)
#define ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl) ((zl)+intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl)))
#define ZIPLIST_ENTRY_END(zl) ((zl)+intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl))-1)
/* We know a positive increment can only be 1 because entries can only be
* pushed one at a time. */
#define ZIPLIST_INCR_LENGTH(zl,incr) { \
if (ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) < UINT16_MAX) \
ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) = intrev16ifbe(intrev16ifbe(ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl))+incr); \
}
typedef struct zlentry {
unsigned int prevrawlensize, prevrawlen;
unsigned int lensize, len;
unsigned int headersize;
unsigned char encoding;
unsigned char *p;
} zlentry;
/* Extract the encoding from the byte pointed by 'ptr' and set it into
* 'encoding'. */
#define ZIP_ENTRY_ENCODING(ptr, encoding) do { \
(encoding) = (ptr[0]); \
if ((encoding) < ZIP_STR_MASK) (encoding) &= ZIP_STR_MASK; \
} while(0)
/* Return bytes needed to store integer encoded by 'encoding' */
static unsigned int zipIntSize(unsigned char encoding) {
switch(encoding) {
case ZIP_INT_8B: return 1;
case ZIP_INT_16B: return 2;
case ZIP_INT_24B: return 3;
case ZIP_INT_32B: return 4;
case ZIP_INT_64B: return 8;
default: return 0; /* 4 bit immediate */
}
assert(NULL);
return 0;
}
/* Encode the length 'l' writing it in 'p'. If p is NULL it just returns
* the amount of bytes required to encode such a length. */
static unsigned int zipEncodeLength(unsigned char *p, unsigned char encoding, unsigned int rawlen) {
unsigned char len = 1, buf[5];
if (ZIP_IS_STR(encoding)) {
/* Although encoding is given it may not be set for strings,
* so we determine it here using the raw length. */
if (rawlen <= 0x3f) {
if (!p) return len;
buf[0] = ZIP_STR_06B | rawlen;
} else if (rawlen <= 0x3fff) {
len += 1;
if (!p) return len;
buf[0] = ZIP_STR_14B | ((rawlen >> 8) & 0x3f);
buf[1] = rawlen & 0xff;
} else {
len += 4;
if (!p) return len;
buf[0] = ZIP_STR_32B;
buf[1] = (rawlen >> 24) & 0xff;
buf[2] = (rawlen >> 16) & 0xff;
buf[3] = (rawlen >> 8) & 0xff;
buf[4] = rawlen & 0xff;
}
} else {
/* Implies integer encoding, so length is always 1. */
if (!p) return len;
buf[0] = encoding;
}
/* Store this length at p */
memcpy(p,buf,len);
return len;
}
/* Decode the length encoded in 'ptr'. The 'encoding' variable will hold the
* entries encoding, the 'lensize' variable will hold the number of bytes
* required to encode the entries length, and the 'len' variable will hold the
* entries length. */
#define ZIP_DECODE_LENGTH(ptr, encoding, lensize, len) do { \
ZIP_ENTRY_ENCODING((ptr), (encoding)); \
if ((encoding) < ZIP_STR_MASK) { \
if ((encoding) == ZIP_STR_06B) { \
(lensize) = 1; \
(len) = (ptr)[0] & 0x3f; \
} else if ((encoding) == ZIP_STR_14B) { \
(lensize) = 2; \
(len) = (((ptr)[0] & 0x3f) << 8) | (ptr)[1]; \
} else if (encoding == ZIP_STR_32B) { \
(lensize) = 5; \
(len) = ((ptr)[1] << 24) | \
((ptr)[2] << 16) | \
((ptr)[3] << 8) | \
((ptr)[4]); \
} else { \
assert(NULL); \
} \
} else { \
(lensize) = 1; \
(len) = zipIntSize(encoding); \
} \
} while(0);
/* Encode the length of the previous entry and write it to "p". Return the
* number of bytes needed to encode this length if "p" is NULL. */
static unsigned int zipPrevEncodeLength(unsigned char *p, unsigned int len) {
if (p == NULL) {
return (len < ZIP_BIGLEN) ? 1 : sizeof(len)+1;
} else {
if (len < ZIP_BIGLEN) {
p[0] = len;
return 1;
} else {
p[0] = ZIP_BIGLEN;
memcpy(p+1,&len,sizeof(len));
memrev32ifbe(p+1);
return 1+sizeof(len);
}
}
}
/* Encode the length of the previous entry and write it to "p". This only
* uses the larger encoding (required in __ziplistCascadeUpdate). */
static void zipPrevEncodeLengthForceLarge(unsigned char *p, unsigned int len) {
if (p == NULL) return;
p[0] = ZIP_BIGLEN;
memcpy(p+1,&len,sizeof(len));
memrev32ifbe(p+1);
}
/* Decode the number of bytes required to store the length of the previous
* element, from the perspective of the entry pointed to by 'ptr'. */
#define ZIP_DECODE_PREVLENSIZE(ptr, prevlensize) do { \
if ((ptr)[0] < ZIP_BIGLEN) { \
(prevlensize) = 1; \
} else { \
(prevlensize) = 5; \
} \
} while(0);
/* Decode the length of the previous element, from the perspective of the entry
* pointed to by 'ptr'. */
#define ZIP_DECODE_PREVLEN(ptr, prevlensize, prevlen) do { \
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLENSIZE(ptr, prevlensize); \
if ((prevlensize) == 1) { \
(prevlen) = (ptr)[0]; \
} else if ((prevlensize) == 5) { \
assert(sizeof((prevlensize)) == 4); \
memcpy(&(prevlen), ((char*)(ptr)) + 1, 4); \
memrev32ifbe(&prevlen); \
} \
} while(0);
/* Return the difference in number of bytes needed to store the length of the
* previous element 'len', in the entry pointed to by 'p'. */
static int zipPrevLenByteDiff(unsigned char *p, unsigned int len) {
unsigned int prevlensize;
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLENSIZE(p, prevlensize);
return zipPrevEncodeLength(NULL, len) - prevlensize;
}
/* Return the total number of bytes used by the entry pointed to by 'p'. */
static unsigned int zipRawEntryLength(unsigned char *p) {
unsigned int prevlensize, encoding, lensize, len;
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLENSIZE(p, prevlensize);
ZIP_DECODE_LENGTH(p + prevlensize, encoding, lensize, len);
return prevlensize + lensize + len;
}
/* Check if string pointed to by 'entry' can be encoded as an integer.
* Stores the integer value in 'v' and its encoding in 'encoding'. */
static int zipTryEncoding(unsigned char *entry, unsigned int entrylen, long long *v, unsigned char *encoding) {
long long value;
if (entrylen >= 32 || entrylen == 0) return 0;
if (string2ll((char*)entry,entrylen,&value)) {
/* Great, the string can be encoded. Check what's the smallest
* of our encoding types that can hold this value. */
if (value >= 0 && value <= 12) {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_IMM_MIN+value;
} else if (value >= INT8_MIN && value <= INT8_MAX) {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_8B;
} else if (value >= INT16_MIN && value <= INT16_MAX) {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_16B;
} else if (value >= INT24_MIN && value <= INT24_MAX) {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_24B;
} else if (value >= INT32_MIN && value <= INT32_MAX) {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_32B;
} else {
*encoding = ZIP_INT_64B;
}
*v = value;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* Store integer 'value' at 'p', encoded as 'encoding' */
static void zipSaveInteger(unsigned char *p, int64_t value, unsigned char encoding) {
int16_t i16;
int32_t i32;
int64_t i64;
if (encoding == ZIP_INT_8B) {
((int8_t*)p)[0] = (int8_t)value;
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_16B) {
i16 = value;
memcpy(p,&i16,sizeof(i16));
memrev16ifbe(p);
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_24B) {
i32 = value<<8;
memrev32ifbe(&i32);
memcpy(p,((uint8_t*)&i32)+1,sizeof(i32)-sizeof(uint8_t));
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_32B) {
i32 = value;
memcpy(p,&i32,sizeof(i32));
memrev32ifbe(p);
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_64B) {
i64 = value;
memcpy(p,&i64,sizeof(i64));
memrev64ifbe(p);
} else if (encoding >= ZIP_INT_IMM_MIN && encoding <= ZIP_INT_IMM_MAX) {
/* Nothing to do, the value is stored in the encoding itself. */
} else {
assert(NULL);
}
}
/* Read integer encoded as 'encoding' from 'p' */
static int64_t zipLoadInteger(unsigned char *p, unsigned char encoding) {
int16_t i16;
int32_t i32;
int64_t i64, ret = 0;
if (encoding == ZIP_INT_8B) {
ret = ((int8_t*)p)[0];
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_16B) {
memcpy(&i16,p,sizeof(i16));
memrev16ifbe(&i16);
ret = i16;
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_32B) {
memcpy(&i32,p,sizeof(i32));
memrev32ifbe(&i32);
ret = i32;
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_24B) {
i32 = 0;
memcpy(((uint8_t*)&i32)+1,p,sizeof(i32)-sizeof(uint8_t));
memrev32ifbe(&i32);
ret = i32>>8;
} else if (encoding == ZIP_INT_64B) {
memcpy(&i64,p,sizeof(i64));
memrev64ifbe(&i64);
ret = i64;
} else if (encoding >= ZIP_INT_IMM_MIN && encoding <= ZIP_INT_IMM_MAX) {
ret = (encoding & ZIP_INT_IMM_MASK)-1;
} else {
assert(NULL);
}
return ret;
}
/* Return a struct with all information about an entry. */
static zlentry zipEntry(unsigned char *p) {
zlentry e;
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLEN(p, e.prevrawlensize, e.prevrawlen);
ZIP_DECODE_LENGTH(p + e.prevrawlensize, e.encoding, e.lensize, e.len);
e.headersize = e.prevrawlensize + e.lensize;
e.p = p;
return e;
}
/* Create a new empty ziplist. */
unsigned char *ziplistNew(void) {
unsigned int bytes = ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE+1;
unsigned char *zl = zmalloc(bytes);
ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl) = intrev32ifbe(bytes);
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE);
ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) = 0;
zl[bytes-1] = ZIP_END;
return zl;
}
/* Resize the ziplist. */
static unsigned char *ziplistResize(unsigned char *zl, unsigned int len) {
zl = zrealloc(zl,len);
ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl) = intrev32ifbe(len);
zl[len-1] = ZIP_END;
return zl;
}
/* When an entry is inserted, we need to set the prevlen field of the next
* entry to equal the length of the inserted entry. It can occur that this
* length cannot be encoded in 1 byte and the next entry needs to be grow
* a bit larger to hold the 5-byte encoded prevlen. This can be done for free,
* because this only happens when an entry is already being inserted (which
* causes a realloc and memmove). However, encoding the prevlen may require
* that this entry is grown as well. This effect may cascade throughout
* the ziplist when there are consecutive entries with a size close to
* ZIP_BIGLEN, so we need to check that the prevlen can be encoded in every
* consecutive entry.
*
* Note that this effect can also happen in reverse, where the bytes required
* to encode the prevlen field can shrink. This effect is deliberately ignored,
* because it can cause a "flapping" effect where a chain prevlen fields is
* first grown and then shrunk again after consecutive inserts. Rather, the
* field is allowed to stay larger than necessary, because a large prevlen
* field implies the ziplist is holding large entries anyway.
*
* The pointer "p" points to the first entry that does NOT need to be
* updated, i.e. consecutive fields MAY need an update. */
static unsigned char *__ziplistCascadeUpdate(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
size_t curlen = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl)), rawlen, rawlensize;
size_t offset, noffset, extra;
unsigned char *np;
zlentry cur, next;
while (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
cur = zipEntry(p);
rawlen = cur.headersize + cur.len;
rawlensize = zipPrevEncodeLength(NULL,rawlen);
/* Abort if there is no next entry. */
if (p[rawlen] == ZIP_END) break;
next = zipEntry(p+rawlen);
/* Abort when "prevlen" has not changed. */
if (next.prevrawlen == rawlen) break;
if (next.prevrawlensize < rawlensize) {
/* The "prevlen" field of "next" needs more bytes to hold
* the raw length of "cur". */
offset = p-zl;
extra = rawlensize-next.prevrawlensize;
zl = ziplistResize(zl,curlen+extra);
p = zl+offset;
/* Current pointer and offset for next element. */
np = p+rawlen;
noffset = np-zl;
/* Update tail offset when next element is not the tail element. */
if ((zl+intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))) != np) {
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+extra);
}
/* Move the tail to the back. */
memmove(np+rawlensize,
np+next.prevrawlensize,
curlen-noffset-next.prevrawlensize-1);
zipPrevEncodeLength(np,rawlen);
/* Advance the cursor */
p += rawlen;
curlen += extra;
} else {
if (next.prevrawlensize > rawlensize) {
/* This would result in shrinking, which we want to avoid.
* So, set "rawlen" in the available bytes. */
zipPrevEncodeLengthForceLarge(p+rawlen,rawlen);
} else {
zipPrevEncodeLength(p+rawlen,rawlen);
}
/* Stop here, as the raw length of "next" has not changed. */
break;
}
}
return zl;
}
/* Delete "num" entries, starting at "p". Returns pointer to the ziplist. */
static unsigned char *__ziplistDelete(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p, unsigned int num) {
unsigned int i, totlen, deleted = 0;
size_t offset;
int nextdiff = 0;
zlentry first, tail;
first = zipEntry(p);
for (i = 0; p[0] != ZIP_END && i < num; i++) {
p += zipRawEntryLength(p);
deleted++;
}
totlen = p-first.p;
if (totlen > 0) {
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
/* Tricky: storing the prevlen in this entry might reduce or
* increase the number of bytes needed, compared to the current
* prevlen. Note that we can always store this length because
* it was previously stored by an entry that is being deleted. */
nextdiff = zipPrevLenByteDiff(p,first.prevrawlen);
zipPrevEncodeLength(p-nextdiff,first.prevrawlen);
/* Update offset for tail */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))-totlen);
/* When the tail contains more than one entry, we need to take
* "nextdiff" in account as well. Otherwise, a change in the
* size of prevlen doesn't have an effect on the *tail* offset. */
tail = zipEntry(p);
if (p[tail.headersize+tail.len] != ZIP_END) {
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+nextdiff);
}
/* Move tail to the front of the ziplist */
memmove(first.p,p-nextdiff,
intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl))-(p-zl)-1+nextdiff);
} else {
/* The entire tail was deleted. No need to move memory. */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe((first.p-zl)-first.prevrawlen);
}
/* Resize and update length */
offset = first.p-zl;
zl = ziplistResize(zl, intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl))-totlen+nextdiff);
ZIPLIST_INCR_LENGTH(zl,-deleted);
p = zl+offset;
/* When nextdiff != 0, the raw length of the next entry has changed, so
* we need to cascade the update throughout the ziplist */
if (nextdiff != 0)
zl = __ziplistCascadeUpdate(zl,p);
}
return zl;
}
/* Insert item at "p". */
static unsigned char *__ziplistInsert(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p, unsigned char *s, unsigned int slen) {
size_t curlen = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl)), reqlen, prevlen = 0;
size_t offset;
int nextdiff = 0;
unsigned char encoding = 0;
long long value = 123456789; /* initialized to avoid warning. Using a value
that is easy to see if for some reason
we use it uninitialized. */
zlentry entry, tail;
/* Find out prevlen for the entry that is inserted. */
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
entry = zipEntry(p);
prevlen = entry.prevrawlen;
} else {
unsigned char *ptail = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl);
if (ptail[0] != ZIP_END) {
prevlen = zipRawEntryLength(ptail);
}
}
/* See if the entry can be encoded */
if (zipTryEncoding(s,slen,&value,&encoding)) {
/* 'encoding' is set to the appropriate integer encoding */
reqlen = zipIntSize(encoding);
} else {
/* 'encoding' is untouched, however zipEncodeLength will use the
* string length to figure out how to encode it. */
reqlen = slen;
}
/* We need space for both the length of the previous entry and
* the length of the payload. */
reqlen += zipPrevEncodeLength(NULL,prevlen);
reqlen += zipEncodeLength(NULL,encoding,slen);
/* When the insert position is not equal to the tail, we need to
* make sure that the next entry can hold this entry's length in
* its prevlen field. */
nextdiff = (p[0] != ZIP_END) ? zipPrevLenByteDiff(p,reqlen) : 0;
/* Store offset because a realloc may change the address of zl. */
offset = p-zl;
zl = ziplistResize(zl,curlen+reqlen+nextdiff);
p = zl+offset;
/* Apply memory move when necessary and update tail offset. */
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
/* Subtract one because of the ZIP_END bytes */
memmove(p+reqlen,p-nextdiff,curlen-offset-1+nextdiff);
/* Encode this entry's raw length in the next entry. */
zipPrevEncodeLength(p+reqlen,reqlen);
/* Update offset for tail */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+reqlen);
/* When the tail contains more than one entry, we need to take
* "nextdiff" in account as well. Otherwise, a change in the
* size of prevlen doesn't have an effect on the *tail* offset. */
tail = zipEntry(p+reqlen);
if (p[reqlen+tail.headersize+tail.len] != ZIP_END) {
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+nextdiff);
}
} else {
/* This element will be the new tail. */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) = intrev32ifbe(p-zl);
}
/* When nextdiff != 0, the raw length of the next entry has changed, so
* we need to cascade the update throughout the ziplist */
if (nextdiff != 0) {
offset = p-zl;
zl = __ziplistCascadeUpdate(zl,p+reqlen);
p = zl+offset;
}
/* Write the entry */
p += zipPrevEncodeLength(p,prevlen);
p += zipEncodeLength(p,encoding,slen);
if (ZIP_IS_STR(encoding)) {
memcpy(p,s,slen);
} else {
zipSaveInteger(p,value,encoding);
}
ZIPLIST_INCR_LENGTH(zl,1);
return zl;
}
unsigned char *ziplistPush(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *s, unsigned int slen, int where) {
unsigned char *p;
p = (where == ZIPLIST_HEAD) ? ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl) : ZIPLIST_ENTRY_END(zl);
return __ziplistInsert(zl,p,s,slen);
}
/* Returns an offset to use for iterating with ziplistNext. When the given
* index is negative, the list is traversed back to front. When the list
* doesn't contain an element at the provided index, NULL is returned. */
unsigned char *ziplistIndex(unsigned char *zl, int index) {
unsigned char *p;
zlentry entry;
if (index < 0) {
index = (-index)-1;
p = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl);
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
entry = zipEntry(p);
while (entry.prevrawlen > 0 && index--) {
p -= entry.prevrawlen;
entry = zipEntry(p);
}
}
} else {
p = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl);
while (p[0] != ZIP_END && index--) {
p += zipRawEntryLength(p);
}
}
return (p[0] == ZIP_END || index > 0) ? NULL : p;
}
/* Return pointer to next entry in ziplist.
*
* zl is the pointer to the ziplist
* p is the pointer to the current element
*
* The element after 'p' is returned, otherwise NULL if we are at the end. */
unsigned char *ziplistNext(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
((void) zl);
/* "p" could be equal to ZIP_END, caused by ziplistDelete,
* and we should return NULL. Otherwise, we should return NULL
* when the *next* element is ZIP_END (there is no next entry). */
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
return NULL;
}
p += zipRawEntryLength(p);
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
return NULL;
}
return p;
}
/* Return pointer to previous entry in ziplist. */
unsigned char *ziplistPrev(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
zlentry entry;
/* Iterating backwards from ZIP_END should return the tail. When "p" is
* equal to the first element of the list, we're already at the head,
* and should return NULL. */
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
p = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl);
return (p[0] == ZIP_END) ? NULL : p;
} else if (p == ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl)) {
return NULL;
} else {
entry = zipEntry(p);
assert(entry.prevrawlen > 0);
return p-entry.prevrawlen;
}
}
/* Get entry pointer to by 'p' and store in either 'e' or 'v' depending
* on the encoding of the entry. 'e' is always set to NULL to be able
* to find out whether the string pointer or the integer value was set.
* Return 0 if 'p' points to the end of the zipmap, 1 otherwise. */
unsigned int ziplistGet(unsigned char *p, unsigned char **sstr, unsigned int *slen, long long *sval) {
zlentry entry;
if (p == NULL || p[0] == ZIP_END) return 0;
if (sstr) *sstr = NULL;
entry = zipEntry(p);
if (ZIP_IS_STR(entry.encoding)) {
if (sstr) {
*slen = entry.len;
*sstr = p+entry.headersize;
}
} else {
if (sval) {
*sval = zipLoadInteger(p+entry.headersize,entry.encoding);
}
}
return 1;
}
/* Insert an entry at "p". */
unsigned char *ziplistInsert(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p, unsigned char *s, unsigned int slen) {
return __ziplistInsert(zl,p,s,slen);
}
/* Delete a single entry from the ziplist, pointed to by *p.
* Also update *p in place, to be able to iterate over the
* ziplist, while deleting entries. */
unsigned char *ziplistDelete(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char **p) {
size_t offset = *p-zl;
zl = __ziplistDelete(zl,*p,1);
/* Store pointer to current element in p, because ziplistDelete will
* do a realloc which might result in a different "zl"-pointer.
* When the delete direction is back to front, we might delete the last
* entry and end up with "p" pointing to ZIP_END, so check this. */
*p = zl+offset;
return zl;
}
/* Delete a range of entries from the ziplist. */
unsigned char *ziplistDeleteRange(unsigned char *zl, unsigned int index, unsigned int num) {
unsigned char *p = ziplistIndex(zl,index);
return (p == NULL) ? zl : __ziplistDelete(zl,p,num);
}
/* Compare entry pointer to by 'p' with 'entry'. Return 1 if equal. */
unsigned int ziplistCompare(unsigned char *p, unsigned char *sstr, unsigned int slen) {
zlentry entry;
unsigned char sencoding;
long long zval, sval;
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) return 0;
entry = zipEntry(p);
if (ZIP_IS_STR(entry.encoding)) {
/* Raw compare */
if (entry.len == slen) {
return memcmp(p+entry.headersize,sstr,slen) == 0;
} else {
return 0;
}
} else {
/* Try to compare encoded values. Don't compare encoding because
* different implementations may encoded integers differently. */
if (zipTryEncoding(sstr,slen,&sval,&sencoding)) {
zval = zipLoadInteger(p+entry.headersize,entry.encoding);
return zval == sval;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* Find pointer to the entry equal to the specified entry. Skip 'skip' entries
* between every comparison. Returns NULL when the field could not be found. */
unsigned char *ziplistFind(unsigned char *p, unsigned char *vstr, unsigned int vlen, unsigned int skip) {
int skipcnt = 0;
unsigned char vencoding = 0;
long long vll = 0;
while (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
unsigned int prevlensize, encoding, lensize, len;
unsigned char *q;
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLENSIZE(p, prevlensize);
ZIP_DECODE_LENGTH(p + prevlensize, encoding, lensize, len);
q = p + prevlensize + lensize;
if (skipcnt == 0) {
/* Compare current entry with specified entry */
if (ZIP_IS_STR(encoding)) {
if (len == vlen && memcmp(q, vstr, vlen) == 0) {
return p;
}
} else {
/* Find out if the searched field can be encoded. Note that
* we do it only the first time, once done vencoding is set
* to non-zero and vll is set to the integer value. */
if (vencoding == 0) {
if (!zipTryEncoding(vstr, vlen, &vll, &vencoding)) {
/* If the entry can't be encoded we set it to
* UCHAR_MAX so that we don't retry again the next
* time. */
vencoding = UCHAR_MAX;
}
/* Must be non-zero by now */
assert(vencoding);
}
/* Compare current entry with specified entry, do it only
* if vencoding != UCHAR_MAX because if there is no encoding
* possible for the field it can't be a valid integer. */
if (vencoding != UCHAR_MAX) {
long long ll = zipLoadInteger(q, encoding);
if (ll == vll) {
return p;
}
}
}
/* Reset skip count */
skipcnt = skip;
} else {
/* Skip entry */
skipcnt--;
}
/* Move to next entry */
p = q + len;
}
return NULL;
}
/* Return length of ziplist. */
unsigned int ziplistLen(unsigned char *zl) {
unsigned int len = 0;
if (intrev16ifbe(ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl)) < UINT16_MAX) {
len = intrev16ifbe(ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl));
} else {
unsigned char *p = zl+ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE;
while (*p != ZIP_END) {
p += zipRawEntryLength(p);
len++;
}
/* Re-store length if small enough */
if (len < UINT16_MAX) ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) = intrev16ifbe(len);
}
return len;
}
/* Return ziplist blob size in bytes. */
size_t ziplistBlobLen(unsigned char *zl) {
return intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl));
}
void ziplistRepr(unsigned char *zl) {
unsigned char *p;
int index = 0;
zlentry entry;
printf(
"{total bytes %d} "
"{length %u}\n"
"{tail offset %u}\n",
intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl)),
intrev16ifbe(ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl)),
intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl)));
p = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl);
while(*p != ZIP_END) {
entry = zipEntry(p);
printf(
"{"
"addr 0x%08lx, "
"index %2d, "
"offset %5ld, "
"rl: %5u, "
"hs %2u, "
"pl: %5u, "
"pls: %2u, "
"payload %5u"
"} ",
(long unsigned)p,
index,
(unsigned long) (p-zl),
entry.headersize+entry.len,
entry.headersize,
entry.prevrawlen,
entry.prevrawlensize,
entry.len);
p += entry.headersize;
if (ZIP_IS_STR(entry.encoding)) {
if (entry.len > 40) {
if (fwrite(p,40,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
printf("...");
} else {
if (entry.len &&
fwrite(p,entry.len,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
}
} else {
printf("%lld", (long long) zipLoadInteger(p,entry.encoding));
}
printf("\n");
p += entry.len;
index++;
}
printf("{end}\n\n");
}
#ifdef ZIPLIST_TEST_MAIN
#include <sys/time.h>
#include "adlist.h"
#include "sds.h"
#define debug(f, ...) { if (DEBUG) printf(f, __VA_ARGS__); }
unsigned char *createList() {
unsigned char *zl = ziplistNew();
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)"foo", 3, ZIPLIST_TAIL);
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)"quux", 4, ZIPLIST_TAIL);
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)"hello", 5, ZIPLIST_HEAD);
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)"1024", 4, ZIPLIST_TAIL);
return zl;
}
unsigned char *createIntList() {
unsigned char *zl = ziplistNew();
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "100");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_TAIL);
sprintf(buf, "128000");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_TAIL);
sprintf(buf, "-100");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_HEAD);
sprintf(buf, "4294967296");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_HEAD);
sprintf(buf, "non integer");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_TAIL);
sprintf(buf, "much much longer non integer");
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, strlen(buf), ZIPLIST_TAIL);
return zl;
}
long long usec(void) {
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
return (((long long)tv.tv_sec)*1000000)+tv.tv_usec;
}
void stress(int pos, int num, int maxsize, int dnum) {
int i,j,k;
unsigned char *zl;
char posstr[2][5] = { "HEAD", "TAIL" };
long long start;
for (i = 0; i < maxsize; i+=dnum) {
zl = ziplistNew();
for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
zl = ziplistPush(zl,(unsigned char*)"quux",4,ZIPLIST_TAIL);
}
/* Do num times a push+pop from pos */
start = usec();
for (k = 0; k < num; k++) {
zl = ziplistPush(zl,(unsigned char*)"quux",4,pos);
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl,0,1);
}
printf("List size: %8d, bytes: %8d, %dx push+pop (%s): %6lld usec\n",
i,intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl)),num,posstr[pos],usec()-start);
zfree(zl);
}
}
void pop(unsigned char *zl, int where) {
unsigned char *p, *vstr;
unsigned int vlen;
long long vlong;
p = ziplistIndex(zl,where == ZIPLIST_HEAD ? 0 : -1);
if (ziplistGet(p,&vstr,&vlen,&vlong)) {
if (where == ZIPLIST_HEAD)
printf("Pop head: ");
else
printf("Pop tail: ");
if (vstr)
if (vlen && fwrite(vstr,vlen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
else
printf("%lld", vlong);
printf("\n");
ziplistDeleteRange(zl,-1,1);
} else {
printf("ERROR: Could not pop\n");
exit(1);
}
}
int randstring(char *target, unsigned int min, unsigned int max) {
int p, len = min+rand()%(max-min+1);
int minval, maxval;
switch(rand() % 3) {
case 0:
minval = 0;
maxval = 255;
break;
case 1:
minval = 48;
maxval = 122;
break;
case 2:
minval = 48;
maxval = 52;
break;
default:
assert(NULL);
}
while(p < len)
target[p++] = minval+rand()%(maxval-minval+1);
return len;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
unsigned char *zl, *p;
unsigned char *entry;
unsigned int elen;
long long value;
/* If an argument is given, use it as the random seed. */
if (argc == 2)
srand(atoi(argv[1]));
zl = createIntList();
ziplistRepr(zl);
zl = createList();
ziplistRepr(zl);
pop(zl,ZIPLIST_TAIL);
ziplistRepr(zl);
pop(zl,ZIPLIST_HEAD);
ziplistRepr(zl);
pop(zl,ZIPLIST_TAIL);
ziplistRepr(zl);
pop(zl,ZIPLIST_TAIL);
ziplistRepr(zl);
printf("Get element at index 3:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 3);
if (!ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("ERROR: Could not access index 3\n");
return 1;
}
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
printf("\n");
} else {
printf("%lld\n", value);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Get element at index 4 (out of range):\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 4);
if (p == NULL) {
printf("No entry\n");
} else {
printf("ERROR: Out of range index should return NULL, returned offset: %ld\n", p-zl);
return 1;
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Get element at index -1 (last element):\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, -1);
if (!ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("ERROR: Could not access index -1\n");
return 1;
}
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
printf("\n");
} else {
printf("%lld\n", value);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Get element at index -4 (first element):\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, -4);
if (!ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("ERROR: Could not access index -4\n");
return 1;
}
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
printf("\n");
} else {
printf("%lld\n", value);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Get element at index -5 (reverse out of range):\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, -5);
if (p == NULL) {
printf("No entry\n");
} else {
printf("ERROR: Out of range index should return NULL, returned offset: %ld\n", p-zl);
return 1;
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate list from 0 to end:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 0);
while (ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld", value);
}
p = ziplistNext(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate list from 1 to end:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 1);
while (ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld", value);
}
p = ziplistNext(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate list from 2 to end:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 2);
while (ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld", value);
}
p = ziplistNext(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate starting out of range:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, 4);
if (!ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("No entry\n");
} else {
printf("ERROR\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate from back to front:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, -1);
while (ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld", value);
}
p = ziplistPrev(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Iterate from back to front, deleting all items:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl, -1);
while (ziplistGet(p, &entry, &elen, &value)) {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0) perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld", value);
}
zl = ziplistDelete(zl,&p);
p = ziplistPrev(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Delete inclusive range 0,0:\n");
{
zl = createList();
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl, 0, 1);
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Delete inclusive range 0,1:\n");
{
zl = createList();
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl, 0, 2);
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Delete inclusive range 1,2:\n");
{
zl = createList();
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl, 1, 2);
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Delete with start index out of range:\n");
{
zl = createList();
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl, 5, 1);
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Delete with num overflow:\n");
{
zl = createList();
zl = ziplistDeleteRange(zl, 1, 5);
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Delete foo while iterating:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl,0);
while (ziplistGet(p,&entry,&elen,&value)) {
if (entry && strncmp("foo",(char*)entry,elen) == 0) {
printf("Delete foo\n");
zl = ziplistDelete(zl,&p);
} else {
printf("Entry: ");
if (entry) {
if (elen && fwrite(entry,elen,1,stdout) == 0)
perror("fwrite");
} else {
printf("%lld",value);
}
p = ziplistNext(zl,p);
printf("\n");
}
}
printf("\n");
ziplistRepr(zl);
}
printf("Regression test for >255 byte strings:\n");
{
char v1[257],v2[257];
memset(v1,'x',256);
memset(v2,'y',256);
zl = ziplistNew();
zl = ziplistPush(zl,(unsigned char*)v1,strlen(v1),ZIPLIST_TAIL);
zl = ziplistPush(zl,(unsigned char*)v2,strlen(v2),ZIPLIST_TAIL);
/* Pop values again and compare their value. */
p = ziplistIndex(zl,0);
assert(ziplistGet(p,&entry,&elen,&value));
assert(strncmp(v1,(char*)entry,elen) == 0);
p = ziplistIndex(zl,1);
assert(ziplistGet(p,&entry,&elen,&value));
assert(strncmp(v2,(char*)entry,elen) == 0);
printf("SUCCESS\n\n");
}
printf("Create long list and check indices:\n");
{
zl = ziplistNew();
char buf[32];
int i,len;
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
len = sprintf(buf,"%d",i);
zl = ziplistPush(zl,(unsigned char*)buf,len,ZIPLIST_TAIL);
}
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
p = ziplistIndex(zl,i);
assert(ziplistGet(p,NULL,NULL,&value));
assert(i == value);
p = ziplistIndex(zl,-i-1);
assert(ziplistGet(p,NULL,NULL,&value));
assert(999-i == value);
}
printf("SUCCESS\n\n");
}
printf("Compare strings with ziplist entries:\n");
{
zl = createList();
p = ziplistIndex(zl,0);
if (!ziplistCompare(p,(unsigned char*)"hello",5)) {
printf("ERROR: not \"hello\"\n");
return 1;
}
if (ziplistCompare(p,(unsigned char*)"hella",5)) {
printf("ERROR: \"hella\"\n");
return 1;
}
p = ziplistIndex(zl,3);
if (!ziplistCompare(p,(unsigned char*)"1024",4)) {
printf("ERROR: not \"1024\"\n");
return 1;
}
if (ziplistCompare(p,(unsigned char*)"1025",4)) {
printf("ERROR: \"1025\"\n");
return 1;
}
printf("SUCCESS\n\n");
}
printf("Stress with random payloads of different encoding:\n");
{
int i,j,len,where;
unsigned char *p;
char buf[1024];
int buflen;
list *ref;
listNode *refnode;
/* Hold temp vars from ziplist */
unsigned char *sstr;
unsigned int slen;
long long sval;
for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++) {
zl = ziplistNew();
ref = listCreate();
listSetFreeMethod(ref,sdsfree);
len = rand() % 256;
/* Create lists */
for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
where = (rand() & 1) ? ZIPLIST_HEAD : ZIPLIST_TAIL;
if (rand() % 2) {
buflen = randstring(buf,1,sizeof(buf)-1);
} else {
switch(rand() % 3) {
case 0:
buflen = sprintf(buf,"%lld",(0LL + rand()) >> 20);
break;
case 1:
buflen = sprintf(buf,"%lld",(0LL + rand()));
break;
case 2:
buflen = sprintf(buf,"%lld",(0LL + rand()) << 20);
break;
default:
assert(NULL);
}
}
/* Add to ziplist */
zl = ziplistPush(zl, (unsigned char*)buf, buflen, where);
/* Add to reference list */
if (where == ZIPLIST_HEAD) {
listAddNodeHead(ref,sdsnewlen(buf, buflen));
} else if (where == ZIPLIST_TAIL) {
listAddNodeTail(ref,sdsnewlen(buf, buflen));
} else {
assert(NULL);
}
}
assert(listLength(ref) == ziplistLen(zl));
for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
/* Naive way to get elements, but similar to the stresser
* executed from the Tcl test suite. */
p = ziplistIndex(zl,j);
refnode = listIndex(ref,j);
assert(ziplistGet(p,&sstr,&slen,&sval));
if (sstr == NULL) {
buflen = sprintf(buf,"%lld",sval);
} else {
buflen = slen;
memcpy(buf,sstr,buflen);
buf[buflen] = '\0';
}
assert(memcmp(buf,listNodeValue(refnode),buflen) == 0);
}
zfree(zl);
listRelease(ref);
}
printf("SUCCESS\n\n");
}
printf("Stress with variable ziplist size:\n");
{
stress(ZIPLIST_HEAD,100000,16384,256);
stress(ZIPLIST_TAIL,100000,16384,256);
}
return 0;
}
#endif
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