/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
 *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *     specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * This file implements the LOLWUT command. The command should do something
 * fun and interesting, and should be replaced by a new implementation at
 * each new version of Redis.
 */

#include "server.h"
#include <math.h>

/* This function represents our canvas. Drawing functions will take a pointer
 * to a canvas to write to it. Later the canvas can be rendered to a string
 * suitable to be printed on the screen, using unicode Braille characters. */
typedef struct lwCanvas {
    int width;
    int height;
    char *pixels;
} lwCanvas;

/* Translate a group of 8 pixels (2x4 vertical rectangle) to the corresponding
 * braille character. The byte should correspond to the pixels arranged as
 * follows, where 0 is the least significant bit, and 7 the most significant
 * bit:
 *
 *   0 3
 *   1 4
 *   2 5
 *   6 7
 *
 * The corresponding utf8 encoded character is set into the three bytes
 * pointed by 'output'.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
void lwTranslatePixelsGroup(int byte, char *output) {
    int code = 0x2800 + byte;
    /* Convert to unicode. This is in the U0800-UFFFF range, so we need to
     * emit it like this in three bytes:
     * 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx. */
    output[0] = 0xE0 | (code >> 12);          /* 1110-xxxx */
    output[1] = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);  /* 10-xxxxxx */
    output[2] = 0x80 | (code & 0x3F);         /* 10-xxxxxx */
}

/* Allocate and return a new canvas of the specified size. */
lwCanvas *lwCreateCanvas(int width, int height) {
    lwCanvas *canvas = zmalloc(sizeof(*canvas));
    canvas->width = width;
    canvas->height = height;
    canvas->pixels = zmalloc(width*height);
    memset(canvas->pixels,0,width*height);
    return canvas;
}

/* Free the canvas created by lwCreateCanvas(). */
void lwFreeCanvas(lwCanvas *canvas) {
    zfree(canvas->pixels);
    zfree(canvas);
}

/* Set a pixel to the specified color. Color is 0 or 1, where zero means no
 * dot will be displyed, and 1 means dot will be displayed.
 * Coordinates are arranged so that left-top corner is 0,0. You can write
 * out of the size of the canvas without issues. */
void lwDrawPixel(lwCanvas *canvas, int x, int y, int color) {
    if (x < 0 || x >= canvas->width ||
        y < 0 || y >= canvas->height) return;
    canvas->pixels[x+y*canvas->width] = color;
}

/* Return the value of the specified pixel on the canvas. */
int lwGetPixel(lwCanvas *canvas, int x, int y) {
    if (x < 0 || x >= canvas->width ||
        y < 0 || y >= canvas->height) return 0;
    return canvas->pixels[x+y*canvas->width];
}

/* Draw a line from x1,y1 to x2,y2 using the Bresenham algorithm. */
void lwDrawLine(lwCanvas *canvas, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color) {
    int dx = abs(x2-x1);
    int dy = abs(y2-y1);
    int sx = (x1 < x2) ? 1 : -1;
    int sy = (y1 < y2) ? 1 : -1;
    int err = dx-dy, e2;

    while(1) {
        lwDrawPixel(canvas,x1,y1,color);
        if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) break;
        e2 = err*2;
        if (e2 > -dy) {
            err -= dy;
            x1 += sx;
        }
        if (e2 < dx) {
            err += dx;
            y1 += sy;
        }
    }
}

/* Draw a square centered at the specified x,y coordinates, with the specified
 * rotation angle and size. In order to write a rotated square, we use the
 * trivial fact that the parametric equation:
 *
 *  x = sin(k)
 *  y = cos(k)
 *
 * Describes a circle for values going from 0 to 2*PI. So basically if we start
 * at 45 degrees, that is k = PI/4, with the first point, and then we find
 * the other three points incrementing K by PI/2 (90 degrees), we'll have the
 * points of the square. In order to rotate the square, we just start with
 * k = PI/4 + rotation_angle, and we are done.
 *
 * Of course the vanilla equations above will descrive the square inside a
 * circle of radius 1, so in order to draw larger squares we'll have to
 * multiply the obtained coordinates, and then translate them. However this
 * is much simpler than implementing the abstract concept of 2D shape and then
 * performing the rotation/translation transformation, so for LOLWUT it's
 * a good approach. */
void lwDrawSquare(lwCanvas *canvas, int x, int y, float size, float angle) {
    int px[4], py[4];

    /* Adjust the desired size according to the fact that the square inscribed
     * into a circle of radius 1 has the side of length SQRT(2). This way
     * size becomes a simple multiplication factor we can use with our
     * coordinates to magnify them. */
    size /= 1.4142;

    /* Compute the four points. */
    float k = M_PI/4 + angle;
    for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
        px[j] = sin(k) * size + x;
        py[j] = cos(k) * size + y;
        k += M_PI/2;
    }

    /* Draw the square. */
    for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        lwDrawLine(canvas,px[j],py[j],px[(j+1)%4],py[(j+1)%4],1);
}

/* Converts the canvas to an SDS string representing the UTF8 characters to
 * print to the terminal in order to obtain a graphical representaiton of the
 * logical canvas. The actual returned string will require a terminal that is
 * width/2 large and height/4 tall in order to hold the whole image without
 * overflowing or scrolling, since each Barille character is 2x4. */
sds lwRenderCanvas(lwCanvas *canvas) {
    sds text = sdsempty();
    for (int y = 0; y < canvas->height; y += 4) {
        for (int x = 0; x < canvas->width; x += 2) {
            /* We need to emit groups of 8 bits according to a specific
             * arrangement. See lwTranslatePixelsGroup() for more info. */
            int byte = 0;
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x,y)) byte |= (1<<0);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x,y+1)) byte |= (1<<1);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x,y+2)) byte |= (1<<2);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x+1,y)) byte |= (1<<3);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x+1,y+1)) byte |= (1<<4);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x+1,y+2)) byte |= (1<<5);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x,y+3)) byte |= (1<<6);
            if (lwGetPixel(canvas,x+1,y+3)) byte |= (1<<7);
            char unicode[3];
            lwTranslatePixelsGroup(byte,unicode);
            text = sdscatlen(text,unicode,3);
        }
        if (y != canvas->height-1) text = sdscatlen(text,"\n",1);
    }
    return text;
}

int main(void) {
    lwCanvas *c = lwCreateCanvas(80,80);
    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
        lwDrawPixel(c,i,i,1);
    }
    lwDrawLine(c,10,10,60,30,1);
    lwDrawSquare(c,40,40,40,0.5);
    lwDrawSquare(c,50,40,10,1);
    sds rendered = lwRenderCanvas(c);
    printf("%s\n", rendered);
}