redict/src/replication.c

/* Asynchronous replication implementation.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2012, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
 *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *     specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


#include "redis.h"

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void replicationDiscardCachedMaster(void);
void replicationResurrectCachedMaster(int newfd);

/* ---------------------------------- MASTER -------------------------------- */

void createReplicationBacklog(void) {
    redisAssert(server.repl_backlog == NULL);
    server.repl_backlog = zmalloc(server.repl_backlog_size);
    server.repl_backlog_histlen = 0;
    server.repl_backlog_idx = 0;
    /* When a new backlog buffer is created, we increment the replication
     * offset by one to make sure we'll not be able to PSYNC with any
     * previous slave. This is needed because we avoid incrementing the
     * master_repl_offset if no backlog exists nor slaves are attached. */
    server.master_repl_offset++;

    /* We don't have any data inside our buffer, but virtually the first
     * byte we have is the next byte that will be generated for the
     * replication stream. */
    server.repl_backlog_off = server.master_repl_offset+1;
}

/* This function is called when the user modifies the replication backlog
 * size at runtime. It is up to the function to both update the
 * server.repl_backlog_size and to resize the buffer and setup it so that
 * it contains the same data as the previous one (possibly less data, but
 * the most recent bytes, or the same data and more free space in case the
 * buffer is enlarged). */
void resizeReplicationBacklog(long long newsize) {
    if (newsize < REDIS_REPL_BACKLOG_MIN_SIZE)
        newsize = REDIS_REPL_BACKLOG_MIN_SIZE;
    if (server.repl_backlog_size == newsize) return;

    server.repl_backlog_size = newsize;
    if (server.repl_backlog != NULL) {
        /* What we actually do is to flush the old buffer and realloc a new
         * empty one. It will refill with new data incrementally.
         * The reason is that copying a few gigabytes adds latency and even
         * worse often we need to alloc additional space before freeing the
         * old buffer. */
        zfree(server.repl_backlog);
        server.repl_backlog = zmalloc(server.repl_backlog_size);
        server.repl_backlog_histlen = 0;
        server.repl_backlog_idx = 0;
        /* Next byte we have is... the next since the buffer is emtpy. */
        server.repl_backlog_off = server.master_repl_offset+1;
    }
}

void freeReplicationBacklog(void) {
    redisAssert(listLength(server.slaves) == 0);
    zfree(server.repl_backlog);
    server.repl_backlog = NULL;
}

/* Add data to the replication backlog.
 * This function also increments the global replication offset stored at
 * server.master_repl_offset, because there is no case where we want to feed
 * the backlog without incrementing the buffer. */
void feedReplicationBacklog(void *ptr, size_t len) {
    unsigned char *p = ptr;

    server.master_repl_offset += len;

    /* This is a circular buffer, so write as much data we can at every
     * iteration and rewind the "idx" index if we reach the limit. */
    while(len) {
        size_t thislen = server.repl_backlog_size - server.repl_backlog_idx;
        if (thislen > len) thislen = len;
        memcpy(server.repl_backlog+server.repl_backlog_idx,p,thislen);
        server.repl_backlog_idx += thislen;
        if (server.repl_backlog_idx == server.repl_backlog_size)
            server.repl_backlog_idx = 0;
        len -= thislen;
        p += thislen;
        server.repl_backlog_histlen += thislen;
    }
    if (server.repl_backlog_histlen > server.repl_backlog_size)
        server.repl_backlog_histlen = server.repl_backlog_size;
    /* Set the offset of the first byte we have in the backlog. */
    server.repl_backlog_off = server.master_repl_offset -
                              server.repl_backlog_histlen + 1;
}

/* Wrapper for feedReplicationBacklog() that takes Redis string objects
 * as input. */
void feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(robj *o) {
    char llstr[REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE];
    void *p;
    size_t len;

    if (o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
        len = ll2string(llstr,sizeof(llstr),(long)o->ptr);
        p = llstr;
    } else {
        len = sdslen(o->ptr);
        p = o->ptr;
    }
    feedReplicationBacklog(p,len);
}

#define FEEDSLAVE_BUF_SIZE (1024*64)
void replicationFeedSlaves(list *slaves, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
    listNode *ln;
    listIter li;
    int j, i, len;
    char buf[FEEDSLAVE_BUF_SIZE], *b = buf;
    char llstr[REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE];
    int buf_left = FEEDSLAVE_BUF_SIZE;
    robj *o;

    /* If there aren't slaves, and there is no backlog buffer to populate,
     * we can return ASAP. */
    if (server.repl_backlog == NULL && listLength(slaves) == 0) return;

    /* We can't have slaves attached and no backlog. */
    redisAssert(!(listLength(slaves) != 0 && server.repl_backlog == NULL));

    /* What we do here is to try to write as much data as possible in a static
     * buffer "buf" that is used to create an object that is later sent to all
     * the slaves. This way we do the decoding only one time for most commands
     * not containing big payloads. */

    /* Create the SELECT command into the static buffer if needed. */
    if (server.slaveseldb != dictid) {
        char *selectcmd;
        size_t sclen;

        if (dictid >= 0 && dictid < REDIS_SHARED_SELECT_CMDS) {
            selectcmd = shared.select[dictid]->ptr;
            sclen = sdslen(selectcmd);
            memcpy(b,selectcmd,sclen);
            b += sclen;
            buf_left -= sclen;
        } else {
            int dictid_len;

            dictid_len = ll2string(llstr,sizeof(llstr),dictid);
            sclen = snprintf(b,buf_left,"*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%d\r\n%s\r\n",
                dictid_len, llstr);
            b += sclen;
            buf_left -= sclen;
        }
    }
    server.slaveseldb = dictid;
   
    /* Add the multi bulk reply size to the static buffer, that is, the number
     * of arguments of the command to send to every slave. */
    b[0] = '*';
    len = ll2string(b+1,REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE,argc);
    b += len+1;
    buf_left -= len;
    b[0] = '\r';
    b[1] = '\n';
    b += 2;
    buf_left -= 2;

    /* Try to use the static buffer for as much arguments is possible. */
    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
        int objlen;
        char *objptr;

        if (argv[j]->encoding != REDIS_ENCODING_RAW &&
            argv[j]->encoding != REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
            redisPanic("Unexpected encoding");
        }
        if (argv[j]->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_RAW) {
            objlen = sdslen(argv[j]->ptr);
            objptr = argv[j]->ptr;
        } else {
            objlen = ll2string(llstr,REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE,(long)argv[j]->ptr);
            objptr = llstr;
        }
        /* We need enough space for bulk reply encoding, newlines, and
         * the data itself. */
        if (buf_left < objlen+REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE+32) break;

        /* Write $...CRLF */
        b[0] = '$';
        len = ll2string(b+1,REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE,objlen);
        b += len+1;
        buf_left -= len;
        b[0] = '\r';
        b[1] = '\n';
        b += 2;
        buf_left -= 2;

        /* And data plus CRLF */
        memcpy(b,objptr,objlen);
        b += objlen;
        buf_left -= objlen;
        b[0] = '\r';
        b[1] = '\n';
        b += 2;
        buf_left -= 2;
    }

    /* Create an object with the static buffer content. */
    redisAssert(buf_left < FEEDSLAVE_BUF_SIZE);
    o = createStringObject(buf,b-buf);

    /* If we have a backlog, populate it with data and increment
     * the global replication offset. */
    if (server.repl_backlog) {
        feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(o);
        for (i = j; i < argc; i++) {
            char aux[REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE+3];
            long objlen = stringObjectLen(argv[i]);

            /* We need to feed the buffer with the object as a bulk reply
             * not just as a plain string, so create the $..CRLF payload len 
             * ad add the final CRLF */
            aux[0] = '$';
            len = ll2string(aux+1,objlen,sizeof(aux)-1);
            aux[len+1] = '\r';
            aux[len+2] = '\n';
            feedReplicationBacklog(aux,len+3);
            feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(argv[j]);
            feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(shared.crlf);
        }
    }

    /* Write data to slaves. Here we do two things:
     * 1) We write the "o" object that was created using the accumulated
     *    static buffer.
     * 2) We write any additional argument of the command to replicate that
     *    was not written inside the static buffer for lack of space.
     */
    listRewind(slaves,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        redisClient *slave = ln->value;

        /* Don't feed slaves that are still waiting for BGSAVE to start */
        if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START) continue;

        /* Feed slaves that are waiting for the initial SYNC (so these commands
         * are queued in the output buffer until the initial SYNC completes),
         * or are already in sync with the master. */

        /* First, trasmit the object created from the static buffer. */
        addReply(slave,o);

        /* Finally any additional argument that was not stored inside the
         * static buffer if any (from j to argc). */
        for (i = j; i < argc; i++)
            addReplyBulk(slave,argv[i]);
    }
    decrRefCount(o);
}

void replicationFeedMonitors(redisClient *c, list *monitors, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
    listNode *ln;
    listIter li;
    int j, port;
    sds cmdrepr = sdsnew("+");
    robj *cmdobj;
    char ip[32];
    struct timeval tv;

    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
    cmdrepr = sdscatprintf(cmdrepr,"%ld.%06ld ",(long)tv.tv_sec,(long)tv.tv_usec);
    if (c->flags & REDIS_LUA_CLIENT) {
        cmdrepr = sdscatprintf(cmdrepr,"[%d lua] ",dictid);
    } else if (c->flags & REDIS_UNIX_SOCKET) {
        cmdrepr = sdscatprintf(cmdrepr,"[%d unix:%s] ",dictid,server.unixsocket);
    } else {
        anetPeerToString(c->fd,ip,&port);
        cmdrepr = sdscatprintf(cmdrepr,"[%d %s:%d] ",dictid,ip,port);
    }

    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
        if (argv[j]->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
            cmdrepr = sdscatprintf(cmdrepr, "\"%ld\"", (long)argv[j]->ptr);
        } else {
            cmdrepr = sdscatrepr(cmdrepr,(char*)argv[j]->ptr,
                        sdslen(argv[j]->ptr));
        }
        if (j != argc-1)
            cmdrepr = sdscatlen(cmdrepr," ",1);
    }
    cmdrepr = sdscatlen(cmdrepr,"\r\n",2);
    cmdobj = createObject(REDIS_STRING,cmdrepr);

    listRewind(monitors,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        redisClient *monitor = ln->value;
        addReply(monitor,cmdobj);
    }
    decrRefCount(cmdobj);
}

/* Feed the slave 'c' with the replication backlog starting from the
 * specified 'offset' up to the end of the backlog. */
long long addReplyReplicationBacklog(redisClient *c, long long offset) {
    long long j, skip, len;

    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Slave request offset: %lld", offset);

    if (server.repl_backlog_histlen == 0) {
        redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Backlog history len is zero");
        return 0;
    }

    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Backlog size: %lld",
             server.repl_backlog_size);
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] First byte: %lld",
             server.repl_backlog_off);
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] History len: %lld",
             server.repl_backlog_histlen);
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Current index: %lld",
             server.repl_backlog_idx);

    /* Compute the amount of bytes we need to discard. */
    skip = offset - server.repl_backlog_off;
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Skipping: %lld", skip);

    /* Point j to the oldest byte, that is actaully our
     * server.repl_backlog_off byte. */
    j = (server.repl_backlog_idx +
        (server.repl_backlog_size-server.repl_backlog_histlen)) %
        server.repl_backlog_size;
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Index of first byte: %lld", j);

    /* Discard the amount of data to seek to the specified 'offset'. */
    j = (j + skip) % server.repl_backlog_size;

    /* Feed slave with data. Since it is a circular buffer we have to
     * split the reply in two parts if we are cross-boundary. */
    len = server.repl_backlog_histlen - skip;
    redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] Reply total length: %lld", len);
    while(len) {
        long long thislen =
            ((server.repl_backlog_size - j) < len) ?
            (server.repl_backlog_size - j) : len;

        redisLog(REDIS_DEBUG, "[PSYNC] addReply() length: %lld", thislen);
        addReplySds(c,sdsnewlen(server.repl_backlog + j, thislen));
        len -= thislen;
        j = 0;
    }
    return server.repl_backlog_histlen - skip;
}

/* This function handles the PSYNC command from the point of view of a
 * master receiving a request for partial resynchronization.
 *
 * On success return REDIS_OK, otherwise REDIS_ERR is returned and we proceed
 * with the usual full resync. */
int masterTryPartialResynchronization(redisClient *c) {
    long long psync_offset, psync_len;
    char *master_runid = c->argv[1]->ptr;
    char buf[128];
    int buflen;

    /* Is the runid of this master the same advertised by the wannabe slave
     * via PSYNC? If runid changed this master is a different instance and
     * there is no way to continue. */
    if (strcasecmp(master_runid, server.runid)) {
        /* Run id "?" is used by slaves that want to force a full resync. */
        if (master_runid[0] != '?') {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Partial resynchronization not accepted: "
                "Runid mismatch (Client asked for '%s', I'm '%s')",
                master_runid, server.runid);
        } else {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Full resync requested by slave.");
        }
        goto need_full_resync;
    }

    /* We still have the data our slave is asking for? */
    if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[2],&psync_offset,NULL) !=
       REDIS_OK) goto need_full_resync;
    if (!server.repl_backlog ||
        psync_offset < server.repl_backlog_off ||
        psync_offset >= (server.repl_backlog_off + server.repl_backlog_size))
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "Unable to partial resync with the slave for lack of backlog (Slave request was: %lld).", psync_offset);
        goto need_full_resync;
    }

    /* If we reached this point, we are able to perform a partial resync:
     * 1) Set client state to make it a slave.
     * 2) Inform the client we can continue with +CONTINUE
     * 3) Send the backlog data (from the offset to the end) to the slave. */
    c->flags |= REDIS_SLAVE;
    c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_ONLINE;
    listAddNodeTail(server.slaves,c);
    /* We can't use the connection buffers since they are used to accumulate
     * new commands at this stage. But we are sure the socket send buffer is
     * emtpy so this write will never fail actually. */
    buflen = snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"+CONTINUE\r\n");
    if (write(c->fd,buf,buflen) != buflen) {
        freeClientAsync(c);
        return REDIS_OK;
    }
    psync_len = addReplyReplicationBacklog(c,psync_offset);
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
        "Partial resynchronization request accepted. Sending %lld bytes of backlog starting from offset %lld.", psync_len, psync_offset);
    /* Note that we don't need to set the selected DB at server.slaveseldb
     * to -1 to force the master to emit SELECT, since the slave already
     * has this state from the previous connection with the master. */

    return REDIS_OK; /* The caller can return, no full resync needed. */

need_full_resync:
    /* We need a full resync for some reason... notify the client. */
    psync_offset = server.master_repl_offset;
    /* Add 1 to psync_offset if it the replication backlog does not exists
     * as when it will be created later we'll increment the offset by one. */
    if (server.repl_backlog == NULL) psync_offset++;
    /* Again, we can't use the connection buffers (see above). */
    buflen = snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"+FULLRESYNC %s %lld\r\n",
                      server.runid,psync_offset);
    if (write(c->fd,buf,buflen) != buflen) {
        freeClientAsync(c);
        return REDIS_OK;
    }
    return REDIS_ERR;
}

/* SYNC ad PSYNC command implemenation. */
void syncCommand(redisClient *c) {
    /* ignore SYNC if already slave or in monitor mode */
    if (c->flags & REDIS_SLAVE) return;

    /* Refuse SYNC requests if we are a slave but the link with our master
     * is not ok... */
    if (server.masterhost && server.repl_state != REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED) {
        addReplyError(c,"Can't SYNC while not connected with my master");
        return;
    }

    /* SYNC can't be issued when the server has pending data to send to
     * the client about already issued commands. We need a fresh reply
     * buffer registering the differences between the BGSAVE and the current
     * dataset, so that we can copy to other slaves if needed. */
    if (listLength(c->reply) != 0 || c->bufpos != 0) {
        addReplyError(c,"SYNC and PSYNC are invalid with pending output");
        return;
    }

    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Slave asks for synchronization");

    /* Try a partial resynchronization if this is a PSYNC command.
     * If it fails, we continue with usual full resynchronization, however
     * when this happens masterTryPartialResynchronization() already
     * replied with:
     *
     * +FULLRESYNC <runid> <offset>
     *
     * So the slave knows the new runid and offset to try a PSYNC later
     * if the connection with the master is lost. */
    if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[0]->ptr,"psync")) {
        if (masterTryPartialResynchronization(c) == REDIS_OK) {
            server.stat_sync_partial_ok++;
            return; /* No full resync needed, return. */
        } else {
            char *master_runid = c->argv[1]->ptr;
            
            /* Increment stats for failed PSYNCs, but only if the
             * runid is not "?", as this is used by slaves to force a full
             * resync on purpose when they are not albe to partially
             * resync. */
            if (master_runid[0] != '?') server.stat_sync_partial_err++;
        }
    }

    /* Full resynchronization. */
    server.stat_sync_full++;

    /* Here we need to check if there is a background saving operation
     * in progress, or if it is required to start one */
    if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
        /* Ok a background save is in progress. Let's check if it is a good
         * one for replication, i.e. if there is another slave that is
         * registering differences since the server forked to save */
        redisClient *slave;
        listNode *ln;
        listIter li;

        listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
        while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
            slave = ln->value;
            if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) break;
        }
        if (ln) {
            /* Perfect, the server is already registering differences for
             * another slave. Set the right state, and copy the buffer. */
            copyClientOutputBuffer(c,slave);
            c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Waiting for end of BGSAVE for SYNC");
        } else {
            /* No way, we need to wait for the next BGSAVE in order to
             * register differences */
            c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START;
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Waiting for next BGSAVE for SYNC");
        }
    } else {
        /* Ok we don't have a BGSAVE in progress, let's start one */
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Starting BGSAVE for SYNC");
        if (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Replication failed, can't BGSAVE");
            addReplyError(c,"Unable to perform background save");
            return;
        }
        c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
    }

    if (server.repl_disable_tcp_nodelay)
        anetDisableTcpNoDelay(NULL, c->fd); /* Non critical if it fails. */
    c->repldbfd = -1;
    c->flags |= REDIS_SLAVE;
    server.slaveseldb = -1; /* Force to re-emit the SELECT command. */
    listAddNodeTail(server.slaves,c);
    if (listLength(server.slaves) == 1 && server.repl_backlog == NULL)
        createReplicationBacklog();
    return;
}

/* REPLCONF <option> <value> <option> <value> ...
 * This command is used by a slave in order to configure the replication
 * process before starting it with the SYNC command.
 *
 * Currently the only use of this command is to communicate to the master
 * what is the listening port of the Slave redis instance, so that the
 * master can accurately list slaves and their listening ports in
 * the INFO output.
 *
 * In the future the same command can be used in order to configure
 * the replication to initiate an incremental replication instead of a
 * full resync. */
void replconfCommand(redisClient *c) {
    int j;

    if ((c->argc % 2) == 0) {
        /* Number of arguments must be odd to make sure that every
         * option has a corresponding value. */
        addReply(c,shared.syntaxerr);
        return;
    }

    /* Process every option-value pair. */
    for (j = 1; j < c->argc; j+=2) {
        if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"listening-port")) {
            long port;

            if ((getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[j+1],
                    &port,NULL) != REDIS_OK))
                return;
            c->slave_listening_port = port;
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"ack")) {
            /* REPLCONF ACK is used by slave to inform the master the amount
             * of replication stream that it processed so far. It is an
             * internal only command that normal clients should never use. */
            long long offset;

            if (!(c->flags & REDIS_SLAVE)) return;
            if ((getLongLongFromObject(c->argv[j+1], &offset) != REDIS_OK))
                return;
            if (offset > c->repl_ack_off)
                c->repl_ack_off = offset;
            c->repl_ack_time = server.unixtime;
            /* Note: this command does not reply anything! */
            return;
        } else {
            addReplyErrorFormat(c,"Unrecognized REPLCONF option: %s",
                (char*)c->argv[j]->ptr);
            return;
        }
    }
    addReply(c,shared.ok);
}

void sendBulkToSlave(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    redisClient *slave = privdata;
    REDIS_NOTUSED(el);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(mask);
    char buf[REDIS_IOBUF_LEN];
    ssize_t nwritten, buflen;

    if (slave->repldboff == 0) {
        /* Write the bulk write count before to transfer the DB. In theory here
         * we don't know how much room there is in the output buffer of the
         * socket, but in practice SO_SNDLOWAT (the minimum count for output
         * operations) will never be smaller than the few bytes we need. */
        sds bulkcount;

        bulkcount = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%lld\r\n",(unsigned long long)
            slave->repldbsize);
        if (write(fd,bulkcount,sdslen(bulkcount)) != (signed)sdslen(bulkcount))
        {
            sdsfree(bulkcount);
            freeClient(slave);
            return;
        }
        sdsfree(bulkcount);
    }
    lseek(slave->repldbfd,slave->repldboff,SEEK_SET);
    buflen = read(slave->repldbfd,buf,REDIS_IOBUF_LEN);
    if (buflen <= 0) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Read error sending DB to slave: %s",
            (buflen == 0) ? "premature EOF" : strerror(errno));
        freeClient(slave);
        return;
    }
    if ((nwritten = write(fd,buf,buflen)) == -1) {
        redisLog(REDIS_VERBOSE,"Write error sending DB to slave: %s",
            strerror(errno));
        freeClient(slave);
        return;
    }
    slave->repldboff += nwritten;
    if (slave->repldboff == slave->repldbsize) {
        close(slave->repldbfd);
        slave->repldbfd = -1;
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,slave->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
        slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_ONLINE;
        if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, slave->fd, AE_WRITABLE,
            sendReplyToClient, slave) == AE_ERR) {
            freeClient(slave);
            return;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Synchronization with slave succeeded");
    }
}

/* This function is called at the end of every background saving.
 * The argument bgsaveerr is REDIS_OK if the background saving succeeded
 * otherwise REDIS_ERR is passed to the function.
 *
 * The goal of this function is to handle slaves waiting for a successful
 * background saving in order to perform non-blocking synchronization. */
void updateSlavesWaitingBgsave(int bgsaveerr) {
    listNode *ln;
    int startbgsave = 0;
    listIter li;

    listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        redisClient *slave = ln->value;

        if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START) {
            startbgsave = 1;
            slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
        } else if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) {
            struct redis_stat buf;

            if (bgsaveerr != REDIS_OK) {
                freeClient(slave);
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"SYNC failed. BGSAVE child returned an error");
                continue;
            }
            if ((slave->repldbfd = open(server.rdb_filename,O_RDONLY)) == -1 ||
                redis_fstat(slave->repldbfd,&buf) == -1) {
                freeClient(slave);
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"SYNC failed. Can't open/stat DB after BGSAVE: %s", strerror(errno));
                continue;
            }
            slave->repldboff = 0;
            slave->repldbsize = buf.st_size;
            slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK;
            aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,slave->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
            if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, slave->fd, AE_WRITABLE, sendBulkToSlave, slave) == AE_ERR) {
                freeClient(slave);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    if (startbgsave) {
        if (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
            listIter li;

            listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"SYNC failed. BGSAVE failed");
            while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
                redisClient *slave = ln->value;

                if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START)
                    freeClient(slave);
            }
        }
    }
}

/* ----------------------------------- SLAVE -------------------------------- */

/* Abort the async download of the bulk dataset while SYNC-ing with master */
void replicationAbortSyncTransfer(void) {
    redisAssert(server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER);

    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,server.repl_transfer_s,AE_READABLE);
    close(server.repl_transfer_s);
    close(server.repl_transfer_fd);
    unlink(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile);
    zfree(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile);
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
}

/* Asynchronously read the SYNC payload we receive from a master */
#define REPL_MAX_WRITTEN_BEFORE_FSYNC (1024*1024*8) /* 8 MB */
void readSyncBulkPayload(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    char buf[4096];
    ssize_t nread, readlen;
    off_t left;
    REDIS_NOTUSED(el);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(privdata);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(mask);

    /* If repl_transfer_size == -1 we still have to read the bulk length
     * from the master reply. */
    if (server.repl_transfer_size == -1) {
        if (syncReadLine(fd,buf,1024,server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "I/O error reading bulk count from MASTER: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            goto error;
        }

        if (buf[0] == '-') {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "MASTER aborted replication with an error: %s",
                buf+1);
            goto error;
        } else if (buf[0] == '\0') {
            /* At this stage just a newline works as a PING in order to take
             * the connection live. So we refresh our last interaction
             * timestamp. */
            server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
            return;
        } else if (buf[0] != '$') {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Bad protocol from MASTER, the first byte is not '$' (we received '%s'), are you sure the host and port are right?", buf);
            goto error;
        }
        server.repl_transfer_size = strtol(buf+1,NULL,10);
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: receiving %lld bytes from master",
            (long long) server.repl_transfer_size);
        return;
    }

    /* Read bulk data */
    left = server.repl_transfer_size - server.repl_transfer_read;
    readlen = (left < (signed)sizeof(buf)) ? left : (signed)sizeof(buf);
    nread = read(fd,buf,readlen);
    if (nread <= 0) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"I/O error trying to sync with MASTER: %s",
            (nread == -1) ? strerror(errno) : "connection lost");
        replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
        return;
    }
    server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
    if (write(server.repl_transfer_fd,buf,nread) != nread) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error or short write writing to the DB dump file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s", strerror(errno));
        goto error;
    }
    server.repl_transfer_read += nread;

    /* Sync data on disk from time to time, otherwise at the end of the transfer
     * we may suffer a big delay as the memory buffers are copied into the
     * actual disk. */
    if (server.repl_transfer_read >=
        server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off + REPL_MAX_WRITTEN_BEFORE_FSYNC)
    {
        off_t sync_size = server.repl_transfer_read -
                          server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off;
        rdb_fsync_range(server.repl_transfer_fd,
            server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off, sync_size);
        server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off += sync_size;
    }

    /* Check if the transfer is now complete */
    if (server.repl_transfer_read == server.repl_transfer_size) {
        if (rename(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile,server.rdb_filename) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed trying to rename the temp DB into dump.rdb in MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s", strerror(errno));
            replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
            return;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Loading DB in memory");
        signalFlushedDb(-1);
        emptyDb();
        /* Before loading the DB into memory we need to delete the readable
         * handler, otherwise it will get called recursively since
         * rdbLoad() will call the event loop to process events from time to
         * time for non blocking loading. */
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,server.repl_transfer_s,AE_READABLE);
        if (rdbLoad(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed trying to load the MASTER synchronization DB from disk");
            replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
            return;
        }
        /* Final setup of the connected slave <- master link */
        zfree(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile);
        close(server.repl_transfer_fd);
        server.master = createClient(server.repl_transfer_s);
        server.master->flags |= REDIS_MASTER;
        server.master->authenticated = 1;
        server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED;
        server.master->reploff = server.repl_master_initial_offset;
        memcpy(server.master->replrunid, server.repl_master_runid,
            sizeof(server.repl_master_runid));
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Finished with success");
        /* Restart the AOF subsystem now that we finished the sync. This
         * will trigger an AOF rewrite, and when done will start appending
         * to the new file. */
        if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF) {
            int retry = 10;

            stopAppendOnly();
            while (retry-- && startAppendOnly() == REDIS_ERR) {
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed enabling the AOF after successful master synchronization! Trying it again in one second.");
                sleep(1);
            }
            if (!retry) {
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"FATAL: this slave instance finished the synchronization with its master, but the AOF can't be turned on. Exiting now.");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    return;

error:
    replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
    return;
}

/* Send a synchronous command to the master. Used to send AUTH and
 * REPLCONF commands before starting the replication with SYNC.
 *
 * The command returns an sds string representing the result of the
 * operation. On error the first byte is a "-".
 */
char *sendSynchronousCommand(int fd, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    sds cmd = sdsempty();
    char *arg, buf[256];

    /* Create the command to send to the master, we use simple inline
     * protocol for simplicity as currently we only send simple strings. */
    va_start(ap,fd);
    while(1) {
        arg = va_arg(ap, char*);
        if (arg == NULL) break;

        if (sdslen(cmd) != 0) cmd = sdscatlen(cmd," ",1);
        cmd = sdscat(cmd,arg);
    }
    cmd = sdscatlen(cmd,"\r\n",2);

    /* Transfer command to the server. */
    if (syncWrite(fd,cmd,sdslen(cmd),server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
        sdsfree(cmd);
        return sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"-Writing to master: %s",
                strerror(errno));
    }
    sdsfree(cmd);

    /* Read the reply from the server. */
    if (syncReadLine(fd,buf,sizeof(buf),server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1)
    {
        return sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"-Reading from master: %s",
                strerror(errno));
    }
    return sdsnew(buf);
}

/* Try a partial resynchronization with the master if we are about to reconnect.
 * If there is no cached master structure, at least try to issue a
 * "PSYNC ? -1" command in order to trigger a full resync using the PSYNC
 * command in order to obtain the master run id and the master replication
 * global offset.
 *
 * This function is designed to be called from syncWithMaster(), so the
 * following assumptions are made:
 *
 * 1) We pass the function an already connected socket "fd".
 * 2) This function does not close the file descriptor "fd". However in case
 *    of successful partial resynchronization, the function will reuse
 *    'fd' as file descriptor of the server.master client structure.
 *
 * The function returns:
 *
 * PSYNC_CONTINUE: If the PSYNC command succeded and we can continue.
 * PSYNC_FULLRESYNC: If PSYNC is supported but a full resync is needed.
 *                   In this case the master run_id and global replication
 *                   offset is saved.
 * PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED: If the server does not understand PSYNC at all and
 *                      the caller should fall back to SYNC.
 */

#define PSYNC_CONTINUE 0
#define PSYNC_FULLRESYNC 1
#define PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED 2
int slaveTryPartialResynchronization(int fd) {
    char *psync_runid;
    char psync_offset[32];
    sds reply;

    /* Initially set repl_master_initial_offset to -1 to mark the current
     * master run_id and offset as not valid. Later if we'll be able to do
     * a FULL resync using the PSYNC command we'll set the offset at the
     * right value, so that this information will be propagated to the
     * client structure representing the master into server.master. */
    server.repl_master_initial_offset = -1;

    if (server.cached_master) {
        psync_runid = server.cached_master->replrunid;
        snprintf(psync_offset,sizeof(psync_offset),"%lld", server.cached_master->reploff+1);
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Trying a partial resynchronization (request %s:%s).", psync_runid, psync_offset);
    } else {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Partial resynchronization not possible (no cached master)");
        psync_runid = "?";
        memcpy(psync_offset,"-1",3);
    }

    /* Issue the PSYNC command */
    reply = sendSynchronousCommand(fd,"PSYNC",psync_runid,psync_offset,NULL);

    if (!strncmp(reply,"+FULLRESYNC",11)) {
        char *runid = NULL, *offset = NULL;

        /* FULL RESYNC, parse the reply in order to extract the run id
         * and the replication offset. */
        runid = strchr(reply,' ');
        if (runid) {
            runid++;
            offset = strchr(runid,' ');
            if (offset) offset++;
        }
        if (!runid || !offset || (offset-runid-1) != REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "Master replied with wrong +FULLRESYNC syntax.");
            /* This is an unexpected condition, actually the +FULLRESYNC
             * reply means that the master supports PSYNC, but the reply
             * format seems wrong. To stay safe we blank the master
             * runid to make sure next PSYNCs will fail. */
            memset(server.repl_master_runid,0,REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE+1);
        } else {
            memcpy(server.repl_master_runid, runid, offset-runid-1);
            server.repl_master_runid[REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE] = '\0';
            server.repl_master_initial_offset = strtoll(offset,NULL,10);
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Full resync from master: %s:%lld",
                server.repl_master_runid,
                server.repl_master_initial_offset);
        }
        /* We are going to full resync, discard the cached master structure. */
        replicationDiscardCachedMaster();
        sdsfree(reply);
        return PSYNC_FULLRESYNC;
    }

    if (!strncmp(reply,"+CONTINUE",9)) {
        /* Partial resync was accepted, set the replication state accordingly */
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "Successful partial resynchronization with master.");
        sdsfree(reply);
        replicationResurrectCachedMaster(fd);
        return PSYNC_CONTINUE;
    }

    /* If we reach this point we receied either an error since the master does
     * not understand PSYNC, or an unexpected reply from the master.
     * Reply with PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED in both cases. */

    if (strncmp(reply,"-ERR",4)) {
        /* If it's not an error, log the unexpected event. */
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
            "Unexpected reply to PSYNC from master: %s", reply);
    } else {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "Master does not support PSYNC or is in "
            "error state (reply: %s)", reply);
    }
    sdsfree(reply);
    replicationDiscardCachedMaster();
    return PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}

void syncWithMaster(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    char tmpfile[256], *err;
    int dfd, maxtries = 5;
    int sockerr = 0, psync_result;
    socklen_t errlen = sizeof(sockerr);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(el);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(privdata);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(mask);

    /* If this event fired after the user turned the instance into a master
     * with SLAVEOF NO ONE we must just return ASAP. */
    if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_NONE) {
        close(fd);
        return;
    }

    /* Check for errors in the socket. */
    if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &sockerr, &errlen) == -1)
        sockerr = errno;
    if (sockerr) {
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE|AE_WRITABLE);
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error condition on socket for SYNC: %s",
            strerror(sockerr));
        goto error;
    }

    /* If we were connecting, it's time to send a non blocking PING, we want to
     * make sure the master is able to reply before going into the actual
     * replication process where we have long timeouts in the order of
     * seconds (in the meantime the slave would block). */
    if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Non blocking connect for SYNC fired the event.");
        /* Delete the writable event so that the readable event remains
         * registered and we can wait for the PONG reply. */
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_WRITABLE);
        server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG;
        /* Send the PING, don't check for errors at all, we have the timeout
         * that will take care about this. */
        syncWrite(fd,"PING\r\n",6,100);
        return;
    }

    /* Receive the PONG command. */
    if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG) {
        char buf[1024];

        /* Delete the readable event, we no longer need it now that there is
         * the PING reply to read. */
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE);

        /* Read the reply with explicit timeout. */
        buf[0] = '\0';
        if (syncReadLine(fd,buf,sizeof(buf),
            server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1)
        {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "I/O error reading PING reply from master: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            goto error;
        }

        /* We accept only two replies as valid, a positive +PONG reply
         * (we just check for "+") or an authentication error.
         * Note that older versions of Redis replied with "operation not
         * permitted" instead of using a proper error code, so we test
         * both. */
        if (buf[0] != '+' &&
            strncmp(buf,"-NOAUTH",7) != 0 &&
            strncmp(buf,"-ERR operation not permitted",28) != 0)
        {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error reply to PING from master: '%s'",buf);
            goto error;
        } else {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
                "Master replied to PING, replication can continue...");
        }
    }

    /* AUTH with the master if required. */
    if(server.masterauth) {
        err = sendSynchronousCommand(fd,"AUTH",server.masterauth,NULL);
        if (err[0] == '-') {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to AUTH to MASTER: %s",err);
            sdsfree(err);
            goto error;
        }
        sdsfree(err);
    }

    /* Set the slave port, so that Master's INFO command can list the
     * slave listening port correctly. */
    {
        sds port = sdsfromlonglong(server.port);
        err = sendSynchronousCommand(fd,"REPLCONF","listening-port",port,
                                         NULL);
        sdsfree(port);
        /* Ignore the error if any, not all the Redis versions support
         * REPLCONF listening-port. */
        if (err[0] == '-') {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"(Non critical) Master does not understand REPLCONF listening-port: %s", err);
        }
        sdsfree(err);
    }

    /* Try a partial resynchonization. If we don't have a cached master
     * slaveTryPartialResynchronization() will at least try to use PSYNC
     * to start a full resynchronization so that we get the master run id
     * and the global offset, to try a partial resync at the next
     * reconnection attempt. */
    psync_result = slaveTryPartialResynchronization(fd);
    if (psync_result == PSYNC_CONTINUE) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Master accepted a Partial Resynchronization.");
        return;
    }

    /* Fall back to SYNC if needed. Otherwise psync_result == PSYNC_FULLRESYNC
     * and the server.repl_master_runid and repl_master_initial_offset are
     * already populated. */
    if (psync_result == PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Retrying with SYNC...");
        if (syncWrite(fd,"SYNC\r\n",6,server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"I/O error writing to MASTER: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            goto error;
        }
    }

    /* Prepare a suitable temp file for bulk transfer */
    while(maxtries--) {
        snprintf(tmpfile,256,
            "temp-%d.%ld.rdb",(int)server.unixtime,(long int)getpid());
        dfd = open(tmpfile,O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_EXCL,0644);
        if (dfd != -1) break;
        sleep(1);
    }
    if (dfd == -1) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Opening the temp file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s",strerror(errno));
        goto error;
    }

    /* Setup the non blocking download of the bulk file. */
    if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd, AE_READABLE,readSyncBulkPayload,NULL)
            == AE_ERR)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
            "Can't create readable event for SYNC: %s (fd=%d)",
            strerror(errno),fd);
        goto error;
    }

    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER;
    server.repl_transfer_size = -1;
    server.repl_transfer_read = 0;
    server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off = 0;
    server.repl_transfer_fd = dfd;
    server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
    server.repl_transfer_tmpfile = zstrdup(tmpfile);
    return;

error:
    close(fd);
    server.repl_transfer_s = -1;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
    return;
}

int connectWithMaster(void) {
    int fd;

    fd = anetTcpNonBlockConnect(NULL,server.masterhost,server.masterport);
    if (fd == -1) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to connect to MASTER: %s",
            strerror(errno));
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }

    if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE|AE_WRITABLE,syncWithMaster,NULL) ==
            AE_ERR)
    {
        close(fd);
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't create readable event for SYNC");
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }

    server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
    server.repl_transfer_s = fd;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING;
    return REDIS_OK;
}

/* This function can be called when a non blocking connection is currently
 * in progress to undo it. */
void undoConnectWithMaster(void) {
    int fd = server.repl_transfer_s;

    redisAssert(server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING ||
                server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG);
    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE|AE_WRITABLE);
    close(fd);
    server.repl_transfer_s = -1;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
}

/* This function aborts a non blocking replication attempt if there is one
 * in progress, by canceling the non-blocking connect attempt or
 * the initial bulk transfer.
 *
 * If there was a replication handshake in progress 1 is returned and
 * the replication state (server.repl_state) set to REDIS_REPL_CONNECT.
 *
 * Otherwise zero is returned and no operation is perforemd at all. */
int cancelReplicationHandshake(void) {
    if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER) {
        replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
    } else if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING ||
             server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG)
    {
        undoConnectWithMaster();
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

/* Set replication to the specified master address and port. */
void replicationSetMaster(char *ip, int port) {
    sdsfree(server.masterhost);
    server.masterhost = sdsnew(ip);
    server.masterport = port;
    if (server.master) freeClient(server.master);
    disconnectSlaves(); /* Force our slaves to resync with us as well. */
    replicationDiscardCachedMaster(); /* Don't try a PSYNC. */
    freeReplicationBacklog(); /* Don't allow our chained slaves to PSYNC. */
    cancelReplicationHandshake();
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
}

/* Cancel replication, setting the instance as a master itself. */
void replicationUnsetMaster(void) {
    if (server.masterhost == NULL) return; /* Nothing to do. */
    sdsfree(server.masterhost);
    server.masterhost = NULL;
    if (server.master) freeClient(server.master);
    replicationDiscardCachedMaster();
    cancelReplicationHandshake();
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_NONE;
}

void slaveofCommand(redisClient *c) {
    /* SLAVEOF is not allowed in cluster mode as replication is automatically
     * configured using the current address of the master node. */
    if (server.cluster_enabled) {
        addReplyError(c,"SLAVEOF not allowed in cluster mode.");
        return;
    }

    /* The special host/port combination "NO" "ONE" turns the instance
     * into a master. Otherwise the new master address is set. */
    if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[1]->ptr,"no") &&
        !strcasecmp(c->argv[2]->ptr,"one")) {
        if (server.masterhost) {
            replicationUnsetMaster();
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"MASTER MODE enabled (user request)");
        }
    } else {
        long port;

        if ((getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[2], &port, NULL) != REDIS_OK))
            return;

        /* Check if we are already attached to the specified slave */
        if (server.masterhost && !strcasecmp(server.masterhost,c->argv[1]->ptr)
            && server.masterport == port) {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SLAVE OF would result into synchronization with the master we are already connected with. No operation performed.");
            addReplySds(c,sdsnew("+OK Already connected to specified master\r\n"));
            return;
        }
        /* There was no previous master or the user specified a different one,
         * we can continue. */
        replicationSetMaster(c->argv[1]->ptr, port);
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SLAVE OF %s:%d enabled (user request)",
            server.masterhost, server.masterport);
    }
    addReply(c,shared.ok);
}

/* Send a REPLCONF ACK command to the master to inform it about the current
 * processed offset. If we are not connected with a master, the command has
 * no effects. */
void replicationSendAck(void) {
    redisClient *c = server.master;

    if (c != NULL) {
        c->flags |= REDIS_MASTER_FORCE_REPLY;
        addReplyMultiBulkLen(c,3);
        addReplyBulkCString(c,"REPLCONF");
        addReplyBulkCString(c,"ACK");
        addReplyBulkLongLong(c,c->reploff);
        c->flags &= ~REDIS_MASTER_FORCE_REPLY;
    }
}

/* ---------------------- MASTER CACHING FOR PSYNC -------------------------- */

/* In order to implement partial synchronization we need to be able to cache
 * our master's client structure after a transient disconnection.
 * It is cached into server.cached_master and flushed away using the following
 * functions. */

/* This function is called by freeClient() in order to cache the master
 * client structure instead of destryoing it. freeClient() will return
 * ASAP after this function returns, so every action needed to avoid problems
 * with a client that is really "suspended" has to be done by this function.
 *
 * The other functions that will deal with the cached master are:
 *
 * replicationDiscardCachedMaster() that will make sure to kill the client
 * as for some reason we don't want to use it in the future.
 *
 * replicationResurrectCachedMaster() that is used after a successful PSYNC
 * handshake in order to reactivate the cached master.
 */
void replicationCacheMaster(redisClient *c) {
    listNode *ln;

    redisAssert(server.master != NULL && server.cached_master == NULL);
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Caching the disconnected master state.");

    /* Remove from the list of clients, we don't want this client to be
     * listed by CLIENT LIST or processed in any way by batch operations. */
    ln = listSearchKey(server.clients,c);
    redisAssert(ln != NULL);
    listDelNode(server.clients,ln);

    /* Save the master. Server.master will be set to null later by
     * replicationHandleMasterDisconnection(). */
    server.cached_master = server.master;

    /* Remove the event handlers and close the socket. We'll later reuse
     * the socket of the new connection with the master during PSYNC. */
    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,c->fd,AE_READABLE);
    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,c->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
    close(c->fd);

    /* Set fd to -1 so that we can safely call freeClient(c) later. */
    c->fd = -1;

    /* Caching the master happens instead of the actual freeClient() call,
     * so make sure to adjust the replication state. This function will
     * also set server.master to NULL. */
    replicationHandleMasterDisconnection();
}

/* Free a cached master, called when there are no longer the conditions for
 * a partial resync on reconnection. */
void replicationDiscardCachedMaster(void) {
    if (server.cached_master == NULL) return;

    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Discarding previously cached master state.");
    server.cached_master->flags &= ~REDIS_MASTER;
    freeClient(server.cached_master);
    server.cached_master = NULL;
}

/* Turn the cached master into the current master, using the file descriptor
 * passed as argument as the socket for the new master.
 *
 * This funciton is called when successfully setup a partial resynchronization
 * so the stream of data that we'll receive will start from were this
 * master left. */
void replicationResurrectCachedMaster(int newfd) {
    server.master = server.cached_master;
    server.cached_master = NULL;
    server.master->fd = newfd;
    server.master->flags &= ~(REDIS_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY|REDIS_CLOSE_ASAP);
    server.master->authenticated = 1;
    server.master->lastinteraction = server.unixtime;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED;

    /* Re-add to the list of clients. */
    listAddNodeTail(server.clients,server.master);
    if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, newfd, AE_READABLE,
                          readQueryFromClient, server.master)) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error resurrecting the cached master, impossible to add the readable handler: %s", strerror(errno));
        freeClientAsync(server.master); /* Close ASAP. */
    }
}

/* --------------------------- REPLICATION CRON  ---------------------------- */

/* Replication cron funciton, called 1 time per second. */
void replicationCron(void) {
    /* Non blocking connection timeout? */
    if (server.masterhost &&
        (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING ||
         server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG) &&
        (time(NULL)-server.repl_transfer_lastio) > server.repl_timeout)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Timeout connecting to the MASTER...");
        undoConnectWithMaster();
    }

    /* Bulk transfer I/O timeout? */
    if (server.masterhost && server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER &&
        (time(NULL)-server.repl_transfer_lastio) > server.repl_timeout)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Timeout receiving bulk data from MASTER... If the problem persists try to set the 'repl-timeout' parameter in redis.conf to a larger value.");
        replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
    }

    /* Timed out master when we are an already connected slave? */
    if (server.masterhost && server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED &&
        (time(NULL)-server.master->lastinteraction) > server.repl_timeout)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"MASTER time out: no data nor PING received...");
        freeClient(server.master);
    }

    /* Check if we should connect to a MASTER */
    if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECT) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Connecting to MASTER...");
        if (connectWithMaster() == REDIS_OK) {
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started");
        }
    }
    
    /* If we have attached slaves, PING them from time to time.
     * So slaves can implement an explicit timeout to masters, and will
     * be able to detect a link disconnection even if the TCP connection
     * will not actually go down. */
    if (!(server.cronloops % (server.repl_ping_slave_period * server.hz))) {
        listIter li;
        listNode *ln;
        robj *ping_argv[1];

        /* First, send PING */
        ping_argv[0] = createStringObject("PING",4);
        replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves, server.slaveseldb, ping_argv, 1);
        decrRefCount(ping_argv[0]);

        /* Second, send a newline to all the slaves in pre-synchronization
         * stage, that is, slaves waiting for the master to create the RDB file.
         * The newline will be ignored by the slave but will refresh the
         * last-io timer preventing a timeout. */
        listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
        while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
            redisClient *slave = ln->value;

            if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START ||
                slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) {
                if (write(slave->fd, "\n", 1) == -1) {
                    /* Don't worry, it's just a ping. */
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* If we have no attached slaves and there is a replication backlog
     * using memory, free it after some (configured) time. */
    if (listLength(server.slaves) == 0 && server.repl_backlog_time_limit &&
        server.repl_backlog)
    {
        time_t idle = server.unixtime - server.repl_no_slaves_since;

        if (idle > server.repl_backlog_time_limit) {
            freeReplicationBacklog();
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
                "Replication backlog freed after %d seconds "
                "without connected slaves.",
                (int) server.repl_backlog_time_limit);
        }
    }
}